Impact of in-kind benefits on income distribution and on vulnerable populations

investigación innovación I+D+i desarrollo tecnológico europeo. HORIZON Research and Innovation Actions Expected Outcome: Projects should contribute to all of the following expected outcomes: Policy makers get a mapping of in-kind benefits across Member States and a comprehensive measurement framework. Policy makers gain insights on the availability of in-kind services, on potential gaps in their provision, and on reasons for non-take up. Policy makers gain insights into the redistributive role of in-kind benefits and on the segregation of different social groups, through SSH research. Policy makers receive operational advice to make informed policy choices which reduce inequality and strengthen fairness and cohesion. Scope: In-kind benefits refer to non-cash goods and services provided to individuals or households, typically by the government (national, regional and/or local), to support their well-being or fulfil basic needs. Unlike cash transfers, which can be spent at the recipient's discretion, in-kind benefits ensure that resources are used for specific purposes for free or at a subsidised cost (e.g. food banks, social housing, health and long-term care services, childcare, schooling, sport infrastructure, public transport). Despite the wide range of in-kind benefits, there is